Signs & Symptoms of Toxemia in Pregnancy

Toxemia is when a pregnant woman's blood pressure becomes elevated and protein begins to be excreted in the urine, usually in the second half of a pregnancy. Toxemia is also commonly called preeclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension. According to the Preeclampsia Foundation, toxemia develops in about 5 percent to 8 percent of all pregnancies. If left untreated, toxemia can result in maternal and fetal death. Once toxemia develops, treatment options include bed rest and, in some cases, high blood pressure medications. Because the condition will persist until delivery, early delivery is often necessary to prevent serious complications and death.

Hypertension

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is often the first recognized sign of toxemia. For this reason, blood pressure is regularly monitored during a woman's pregnancy. If blood pressure becomes elevated, your doctor may order more tests to see if toxemia is the cause. High blood pressure is defined as a reading of greater than 140/90.

Sudden Weight Gain

In many cases, toxemia can cause a pregnant woman to suddenly gain weight, typically more than two pounds in a week. Weight gain is monitored throughout a pregnancy, and if it becomes worrisome your doctor will typically order more tests to see if toxemia is the cause.

Proteinuria

Proteinuria is a condition in which protein builds up in the urine. It can be detected through a simple and routine urine test that is typically performed during each prenatal visit.

Headaches

Sudden, severe headaches can be a sign of toxemia. Headaches can be common in pregnancy, but it is important to report them to your doctor.

Visual Disturbances

Visual disturbances such as blurred vision, double vision or temporary loss of vision can be a sign of toxemia. Report any vision problems experienced during pregnancy to your doctor immediately.

Dizziness

Some women may experience dizziness as a symptom of toxemia. Any dizzy spells experienced during pregnancy should be reported to your doctor immediately.

Other Symptoms

Some women with toxemia may develop nausea and possibly vomiting as a sign of toxemia. Report any nausea and vomiting, especially in the second half of pregnancy after morning sickness has subsided, to your doctor. Some women also experience pain in the upper abdomen as a sign of toxemia.